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Professional Education
Omega 3 During Pregnancy: Why Intake Matters
Research increasingly shows that Omega 3 plays a key role in healthy pregnancy outcomes. Learn why adequate DHA and EPA intake matters for both mother and baby.
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Omega 3 and Chances of Conception
Omega 3 fatty acids play a key role in reproductive health, influencing hormone signalling, inflammation and conception likelihood. This article explores their importance during the pre‑conception phase.
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Ovarian Reserve: Quality Over Quantity
Ovarian reserve reflects more than egg quantity, with quality and environment playing a key role in fertility outcomes.Explore how AMH, AFC, nutrition and lifestyle may support reproductive health.
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Coenzyme Q10: Powering Fertility
Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) plays a key role in energy production and antioxidant protection, both essential for reproductive health.Emerging evidence highlights its potential to support egg quality, sperm function, and overall fertility outcomes.
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Sleep and Fertility: Why Rest Matters When Trying to Conceive
Sleep plays a vital role in fertility, influencing hormones, ovulation, and sperm health.Simple changes to sleep habits can support better reproductive outcomes for both men and women.
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Myo-Inositol vs Metformin for PCOS
Myo-inositol and metformin are both used to support PCOS, particularly insulin resistance and hormonal balance. This guide compares how they work, their effectiveness, and why tolerability is a key consideration.
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Why 3-in-1 Fertility Supplements Fall Short & Why Stage-Specific Support Matters
Preconception, pregnancy and after pregnancy each have distinct nutritional needs. We explore why stage-specific fertility supplements matter.
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Oxidative Stress & Fertility
Oxidative stress plays an important role in fertility, influencing egg and sperm quality, hormonal balance and implantation. This article explores where oxidative stress comes from and outlines practical, evidence-based ways to support reproductive health through nutrition and lifestyle.
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The Effect of Age on Men’s Fertility
For Healthcare Professionals OnlyUnlike women, men do not have a clear end point to their fertility. They continue to produce new sperm throughout their lives and can father children at any age. However, research shows that male fertility does decline gradually with age, particularly after the age of 40. In reality, a typical 45-year-old man is less fertile than a man 10 years younger, with sperm quality beginning to decline as early as 35. Sperm quality and age As men get older, the quality of their sperm changes. Semen volume tends to decrease, and there are often fewer moving (motile) sperm and fewer normally shaped (morphologically normal) sperm. Studies also show that sperm from older men are more likely to have DNA damage, with DNA fragmentation in sperm roughly doubling between ages 30 and 45. This can make it harder to achieve a pregnancy and is thought to be linked to increased oxidative stress in the body over time. Lower testosterone levels in older men may also contribute to reduced libido and erectile difficulties, which can affect a couple’s chances of conceiving naturally. The role of health and lifestyle Many health conditions that become more common with age - such as obesity, high blood pressure and type 2 diabetes - can have a negative impact on male fertility. These conditions can alter hormone levels, damage blood vessels, and increase oxidative stress, all of which may affect sperm production and quality. Lifestyle factors play a big part too. Smoking, drinking excess alcohol, eating a poor diet, or being inactive can all worsen age-related fertility decline. The good news is that these are modifiable factors. Supporting men to maintain a healthy weight, exercise regularly, stop smoking, and limit alcohol can have a positive impact on sperm health. Fertility outcomes and risks This age-related decline in male fertility is often overlooked. While many older men do father children, studies show that conception can take longer as paternal age increases. There is also a higher likelihood of needing fertility treatment. Some research suggests a small increase in the risk of pregnancy loss or certain health conditions in children of older fathers, but it’s important to note that the overall risk remains low. For couples trying to conceive, it’s important that both partners’ health and age are considered during any fertility assessment. Supporting male fertility Its not all bad news - research shows that some of this decline can be prevented, or at least slowed, with the right diet and lifestyle. Nutrition plays an important role in sperm production and protection against oxidative stress. Key nutrients such as zinc, selenium, vitamin C, vitamin E, and L-carnitine contribute to normal sperm development and help protect cells from oxidative damage. These nutrients can be obtained through a healthy, balanced diet or through a targeted preconception supplement. Key takeaways for healthcare professionals Male fertility does decline with age, particularly from around 40 onwards. Sperm quality (motility, morphology, DNA integrity) decreases gradually over time. Health conditions and lifestyle factors can accelerate this decline. Encouraging healthy habits and good nutrition can help optimise sperm quality. It’s important to assess and support both partners, not just the woman, when couples present with fertility concerns. References Siddighi S, Chan CA, Patton WC, Jacobson JD, Chan PJ. Male age and sperm necrosis in assisted reproductive technologies. Urol Int. 2007;79(3):231-4. doi: 10.1159/000107955. PMID: 17940355. Singh NP, Muller CH, Berger RE. Effects of age on DNA double-strand breaks and apoptosis in human sperm. Fertil Steril. 2003 Dec;80(6):1420-30. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2003.04.002. PMID: 14667878. Moskovtsev SI, Willis J, Mullen JB. Age-related decline in sperm deoxyribonucleic acid integrity in patients evaluated for male infertility. Fertil Steril. 2006 Feb;85(2):496-9. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2005.05.075. PMID: 16595239. Wyrobek AJ, Eskenazi B, Young S, Arnheim N, Tiemann-Boege I, Jabs EW, Glaser RL, Pearson FS, Evenson D. Advancing age has differential effects on DNA damage, chromatin integrity, gene mutations, and aneuploidies in sperm. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Jun 20;103(25):9601-6. doi: 10.1073/pnas.0506468103. Epub 2006 Jun 9. PMID: 16766665; PMCID: PMC1480453.
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The Emerging Role of CoQ10 in Fertility Support
For Professional Use Only Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring molecule found in almost every cell of the body, including female egg cells. In recent years, research has increasingly highlighted its vital role in energy production and reproductive health. For healthcare professionals supporting patients on their fertility journey, understanding CoQ10’s function and potential benefits for egg quality can help optimise outcomes particularly for women over 35 or those with a diminished ovarian reserve. CoQ10 & Mitochondrial Energy Production CoQ10 is a key component in the mitochondria (the “powerhouses” of our cells) where it supports the process of energy generation. It acts as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain, helping to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the body’s main source of energy. By enabling efficient ATP production, CoQ10 powers energy-intensive processes across the body, including muscle activity, brain function and the development and maturation of egg cells. In addition to its role in energy metabolism, CoQ10 is a powerful antioxidant. It protects cells from oxidative stress and regenerates other antioxidants such as vitamin E. However, its function within the mitochondria is particularly relevant when it comes to improving egg quality. Mitochondria & Egg Quality Healthy mitochondrial function is essential for high-quality eggs. As women age, mitochondrial performance naturally declines - fewer mitochondria are present, and those that remain become less efficient at producing energy. Research has shown that: · Eggs from women over 40 show more structural damage to mitochondria. · Aging eggs accumulate mitochondrial DNA damage. · Impaired mitochondrial function is also seen in younger women experiencing fertility challenges, such as poor response to ovarian stimulation or premature ovarian failure. This reduction in energy has significant consequences. The process of egg maturation and chromosome separation is extremely energy-demanding. Without sufficient ATP, chromosomes may not align or divide correctly, increasing the risk of chromosomal abnormalities, failed implantation, and early miscarriage. Mitochondria & Embryo Development The effects of reduced mitochondrial energy extend beyond the egg itself. Once fertilised, the developing embryo relies on energy from the egg to fuel its early growth. If the mitochondria within the egg are not functioning optimally, the resulting embryo may struggle to reach the blastocyst stage or implant successfully. Studies suggest that poor mitochondrial activity and reduced ATP production can contribute to early embryo arrest or miscarriage. The Role of Supplementation Although the body produces CoQ10 naturally, levels decline with age and oxidative stress. It’s also difficult to obtain meaningful amounts from food, making supplementation the most effective way to support optimal levels. Studies suggest that CoQ10 supplementation can: · Support mitochondrial energy production in aging eggs · Improve egg maturation rates · Enhance fertilisation and embryo quality · Potentially reduce age-related decline in reproductive outcomes Given its excellent safety profile, CoQ10 is a valuable nutrient to consider as part of fertility support, particularly for women over 35 or those undergoing assisted reproduction. Proceive® Max Women provides 70 mg of CoQ10 per daily dose, helping to support mitochondrial energy production in developing eggs. For additional support, a standalone CoQ10 supplement can be added if needed. Emerging Clinical Evidence The potential benefits of CoQ10 for egg and embryo quality are supported by a growing body of clinical research. In recent years, several controlled studies have explored the impact of CoQ10 supplementation on fertility outcomes. Two trials published in 2018 demonstrated that supplementing with CoQ10 for one to two months before IVF treatment improved egg quality, fertilisation rates, and embryo development. Women who took CoQ10 produced more mature eggs and a higher proportion of high-quality embryos compared with control groups. Notably, treatment cycles were less likely to be cancelled due to poor egg response (8% versus 23% in controls), and a greater proportion of participants had embryos suitable for freezing (18% versus 4%). In a separate double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Bentov and Casper observed fewer chromosomal abnormalities in embryos from women supplemented with CoQ10, suggesting improved mitochondrial function and chromosomal stability during egg maturation. Together, these findings provide clinical support for CoQ10’s role in enhancing egg competence and improving IVF outcomes, particularly in women with age-related or diminished ovarian function. Conclusion Mitochondrial energy production is one of the most important factors influencing egg quality and embryo development. CoQ10 plays a central role in this process, and supplementation has been shown to help support reproductive outcomes, particularly where egg quality or ovarian function may be suboptimal. For healthcare professionals, recommending a high-quality formulation that includes CoQ10 is an evidence-based way to help improve egg health, fertilisation potential, and ultimately, patient success rates. References Tatone C, Amicarelli F, Carbone MC, Monteleone P, Caserta D, Marci R, Artini PG, Piomboni P, Focarelli R. Cellular and molecular aspects of ovarian follicle ageing. Hum Reprod Update. 2008 Mar-Apr;14(2):131-42. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmm048. Epub 2008 Jan 31. PMID: 18239135. Wilding M, Dale B, Marino M, di Matteo L, Alviggi C, Pisaturo ML, Lombardi L, De Placido G. Mitochondrial aggregation patterns and activity in human oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Hum Reprod. 2001 May;16(5):909-17. doi: 10.1093/humrep/16.5.909. PMID: 11331637. de Bruin JP, Dorland M, Spek ER, Posthuma G, van Haaften M, Looman CW, te Velde ER. Age-related changes in the ultrastructure of the resting follicle pool in human ovaries. Biol Reprod. 2004 Feb;70(2):419-24. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.015784. Epub 2003 Oct 15. PMID: 14561658. Bentov Y, Casper RF. The aging oocyte--can mitochondrial function be improved? Fertil Steril. 2013 Jan;99(1):18-22. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.11.031. PMID: 23273985. Bonomi M, Somigliana E, Cacciatore C, Busnelli M, Rossetti R, Bonetti S, Paffoni A, Mari D, Ragni G, Persani L; Italian Network for the study of Ovarian Dysfunctions. Blood cell mitochondrial DNA content and premature ovarian aging. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42423. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042423. Epub 2012 Aug 3. PMID: 22879975; PMCID: PMC3411770. Dumollard R, Carroll J, Duchen MR, Campbell K, Swann K. Mitochondrial function and redox state in mammalian embryos. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2009 May;20(3):346-53. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.12.013. PMID: 19530278. Van Blerkom J. Mitochondrial function in the human oocyte and embryo and their role in developmental competence. Mitochondrion. 2011 Sep;11(5):797-813. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.09.012. Epub 2010 Oct 7. PMID: 20933103. Eichenlaub-Ritter U, Vogt E, Yin H, Gosden R. Spindles, mitochondria and redox potential in ageing oocytes. Reprod Biomed Online. 2004 Jan;8(1):45-58. doi: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60497-x. PMID: 14759287. Ge H, Tollner TL, Hu Z, Dai M, Li X, Guan H, Shan D, Zhang X, Lv J, Huang C, Dong Q. The importance of mitochondrial metabolic activity and mitochondrial DNA replication during oocyte maturation in vitro on oocyte quality and subsequent embryo developmental competence. Mol Reprod Dev. 2012 Jun;79(6):392-401. doi: 10.1002/mrd.22042. Epub 2012 Apr 16. PMID: 22467220. Xu Y, Nisenblat V, Lu C, Li R, Qiao J, Zhen X, Wang S. Pretreatment with coenzyme Q10 improves ovarian response and embryo quality in low-prognosis young women with decreased ovarian reserve: a randomized controlled trial. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018 Mar 27;16(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s12958-018-0343-0. PMID: 29587861; PMCID: PMC5870379. Bentov Y, Hannam T, Jurisicova A, Esfandiari N, Casper RF. Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation and Oocyte Aneuploidy in Women Undergoing IVF-ICSI Treatment. Clin Med Insights Reprod Health. 2014 Jun 8;8:31-6. doi: 10.4137/CMRH.S14681. PMID: 24987272; PMCID: PMC4071761.
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Nutrition for PCOS: Guidance for Healthcare Professionals
For Healthcare Professionals Only What is Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)? PCOS is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women, affecting around 1 in 5 of child-bearing age. It is a varied condition with a wide spectrum of clinical presentations. Typical features may include: Irregular or absent menstrual cycles Acne Ovarian cysts (detected on ultrasound) Obesity or difficulty managing weight Infertility Hirsutism (excess hair on the face and body) Not every patient will present with all features, which can make diagnosis challenging. What Causes PCOS? PCOS is an insulin resistance syndrome. In affected women, this means the body is ignoring the insulin it normally produces. When this happens, the body produces more and more insulin, leading to high overall insulin levels. Persistently elevated insulin can: Contribute to weight gain, which is common in PCOS Cause the ovaries to produce more testosterone than normal The high level of testosterone can trigger a reaction in the body that can disrupt ovulatory function, contributing to irregular cycles and the development of ovarian cysts. The Role of Nutrition and Lifestyle Low Glycaemic Index (GI) Diet Dietary management is a cornerstone of PCOS care. A low GI diet can help reduce insulin resistance by stabilising blood glucose levels. Carbohydrates with a lower GI produce smaller glucose rises, minimising insulin secretion and supporting hormonal balance. Key recommendations include: Emphasising wholegrains, legumes, vegetables, and high-fibre foods Reducing intake of refined carbohydrates and added sugars Aiming for a balanced, sustainable diet with an optimal BMI (18.5–25) Exercise Regular physical activity enhances insulin sensitivity and is recommended for all women with PCOS, regardless of BMI. Both aerobic and resistance training can provide metabolic and reproductive benefits. Supplementation: The Role of Myo-Inositol Beyond diet and lifestyle, evidence supports a role for specific supplementation in managing PCOS. Myo-Inositol, a naturally occurring compound, has been shown to: Improve insulin sensitivity Support ovarian function and restore ovulation in some patients Lower circulating androgen levels, which may reduce acne and hirsutism Enhance oocyte quality, with potential implications for fertility outcomes Supplementation with myo-inositol is generally well tolerated and can be considered as an adjunct to dietary and lifestyle interventions. Other nutrients such as vitamin D and folic acid are also important. Summary for HCPs PCOS is a multifactorial condition with insulin resistance at its core. Nutrition and lifestyle modification remain the first line of management, with low GI dietary approaches and regular exercise central to improving metabolic and reproductive outcomes. Supplementation, particularly with myo-inositol, may provide additional benefit in improving ovulation, reducing hyperandrogenic symptoms, and supporting fertility.
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Supporting Female patients: Enhancing Egg Quality Through Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Supplementation
For Healthcare Professionals Only Age is the strongest factor influencing egg quality, but it is not the only one. Nutrition, lifestyle, and targeted supplementation can all impact oocyte development and because eggs take around three months to mature before ovulation, this window offers an opportunity for meaningful intervention. Why Egg Quality Matters Egg quality is central to fertility, affecting fertilisation, embryo development, and the likelihood of a healthy pregnancy. With age, eggs naturally become more prone to oxidative damage and chromosomal errors. While age itself cannot be modified, optimising the environment in which eggs mature can make a difference to outcomes. Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions Balanced diet with a focus on low GI foods Stabilising blood glucose and insulin is important, even outside of PCOS. A diet rich in wholegrains, vegetables, legumes, lean proteins, and healthy fats helps keep insulin levels steady and supports hormone balance. Antioxidant-rich foods Eggs are sensitive to oxidative stress, which can impair DNA and mitochondrial function. Encourage patients to eat a wide variety of colourful fruits and vegetables, along with nuts and seeds, to boost antioxidant intake. Exercise Regular physical activity helps improve insulin sensitivity and circulation, which may benefit ovarian health. A combination of aerobic and strength-based activity is recommended. Stress and sleep High stress levels and poor sleep can affect the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, disrupting hormone regulation. Support patients to prioritise good sleep hygiene and consider stress-reduction techniques such as mindfulness or yoga. Lifestyle risks Smoking, excessive alcohol, and high caffeine intake can negatively impact egg quality. Reducing or eliminating these exposures can improve the overall reproductive environment. The Role of Supplementation Alongside diet and lifestyle, specific supplements may support egg quality and overall reproductive health: Folic acid – essential for DNA synthesis and universally recommended preconception. At Proceive we use the methylated form, L-methylfolate for increased absorption. Vitamin D – important for reproductive health and immune function; deficiencies are very common. Omega-3 fatty acids – help reduce inflammation and support cell membrane function. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) – may support mitochondrial energy production, particularly relevant for egg development. Antioxidants (vitamins C & E, selenium, zinc) – help reduce oxidative stress, which is a key contributor to egg ageing. Practical Takeaway for HCPs Egg quality is strongly influenced by age, but it is also shaped by nutrition, lifestyle, and supplementation. With a 90-day maturation period before ovulation, women have a window to make meaningful changes that can positively influence reproductive outcomes. Guiding patients towards a balanced diet, regular activity, stress management, and appropriate supplementation can help create a healthier environment for egg development and improve their chances of conception.
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