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The Emerging Role of CoQ10 in Fertility Support
For Professional Use Only Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) is a naturally occurring molecule found in almost every cell of the body, including female egg cells. In recent years, research has increasingly highlighted its vital role in energy production and reproductive health. For healthcare professionals supporting patients on their fertility journey, understanding CoQ10’s function and potential benefits for egg quality can help optimise outcomes particularly for women over 35 or those with a diminished ovarian reserve. CoQ10 & Mitochondrial Energy Production CoQ10 is a key component in the mitochondria (the “powerhouses” of our cells) where it supports the process of energy generation. It acts as an electron carrier in the electron transport chain, helping to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the body’s main source of energy. By enabling efficient ATP production, CoQ10 powers energy-intensive processes across the body, including muscle activity, brain function and the development and maturation of egg cells. In addition to its role in energy metabolism, CoQ10 is a powerful antioxidant. It protects cells from oxidative stress and regenerates other antioxidants such as vitamin E. However, its function within the mitochondria is particularly relevant when it comes to improving egg quality. Mitochondria & Egg Quality Healthy mitochondrial function is essential for high-quality eggs. As women age, mitochondrial performance naturally declines - fewer mitochondria are present, and those that remain become less efficient at producing energy. Research has shown that: · Eggs from women over 40 show more structural damage to mitochondria. · Aging eggs accumulate mitochondrial DNA damage. · Impaired mitochondrial function is also seen in younger women experiencing fertility challenges, such as poor response to ovarian stimulation or premature ovarian failure. This reduction in energy has significant consequences. The process of egg maturation and chromosome separation is extremely energy-demanding. Without sufficient ATP, chromosomes may not align or divide correctly, increasing the risk of chromosomal abnormalities, failed implantation, and early miscarriage. Mitochondria & Embryo Development The effects of reduced mitochondrial energy extend beyond the egg itself. Once fertilised, the developing embryo relies on energy from the egg to fuel its early growth. If the mitochondria within the egg are not functioning optimally, the resulting embryo may struggle to reach the blastocyst stage or implant successfully. Studies suggest that poor mitochondrial activity and reduced ATP production can contribute to early embryo arrest or miscarriage. The Role of Supplementation Although the body produces CoQ10 naturally, levels decline with age and oxidative stress. It’s also difficult to obtain meaningful amounts from food, making supplementation the most effective way to support optimal levels. Studies suggest that CoQ10 supplementation can: · Support mitochondrial energy production in aging eggs · Improve egg maturation rates · Enhance fertilisation and embryo quality · Potentially reduce age-related decline in reproductive outcomes Given its excellent safety profile, CoQ10 is a valuable nutrient to consider as part of fertility support, particularly for women over 35 or those undergoing assisted reproduction. Proceive® Max Women provides 70 mg of CoQ10 per daily dose, helping to support mitochondrial energy production in developing eggs. For additional support, a standalone CoQ10 supplement can be added if needed. Emerging Clinical Evidence The potential benefits of CoQ10 for egg and embryo quality are supported by a growing body of clinical research. In recent years, several controlled studies have explored the impact of CoQ10 supplementation on fertility outcomes. Two trials published in 2018 demonstrated that supplementing with CoQ10 for one to two months before IVF treatment improved egg quality, fertilisation rates, and embryo development. Women who took CoQ10 produced more mature eggs and a higher proportion of high-quality embryos compared with control groups. Notably, treatment cycles were less likely to be cancelled due to poor egg response (8% versus 23% in controls), and a greater proportion of participants had embryos suitable for freezing (18% versus 4%). In a separate double-blind, placebo-controlled study, Bentov and Casper observed fewer chromosomal abnormalities in embryos from women supplemented with CoQ10, suggesting improved mitochondrial function and chromosomal stability during egg maturation. Together, these findings provide clinical support for CoQ10’s role in enhancing egg competence and improving IVF outcomes, particularly in women with age-related or diminished ovarian function. Conclusion Mitochondrial energy production is one of the most important factors influencing egg quality and embryo development. CoQ10 plays a central role in this process, and supplementation has been shown to help support reproductive outcomes, particularly where egg quality or ovarian function may be suboptimal. For healthcare professionals, recommending a high-quality formulation that includes CoQ10 is an evidence-based way to help improve egg health, fertilisation potential, and ultimately, patient success rates. References Tatone C, Amicarelli F, Carbone MC, Monteleone P, Caserta D, Marci R, Artini PG, Piomboni P, Focarelli R. Cellular and molecular aspects of ovarian follicle ageing. Hum Reprod Update. 2008 Mar-Apr;14(2):131-42. doi: 10.1093/humupd/dmm048. Epub 2008 Jan 31. PMID: 18239135. Wilding M, Dale B, Marino M, di Matteo L, Alviggi C, Pisaturo ML, Lombardi L, De Placido G. Mitochondrial aggregation patterns and activity in human oocytes and preimplantation embryos. Hum Reprod. 2001 May;16(5):909-17. doi: 10.1093/humrep/16.5.909. PMID: 11331637. de Bruin JP, Dorland M, Spek ER, Posthuma G, van Haaften M, Looman CW, te Velde ER. Age-related changes in the ultrastructure of the resting follicle pool in human ovaries. Biol Reprod. 2004 Feb;70(2):419-24. doi: 10.1095/biolreprod.103.015784. Epub 2003 Oct 15. PMID: 14561658. Bentov Y, Casper RF. The aging oocyte--can mitochondrial function be improved? Fertil Steril. 2013 Jan;99(1):18-22. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2012.11.031. PMID: 23273985. Bonomi M, Somigliana E, Cacciatore C, Busnelli M, Rossetti R, Bonetti S, Paffoni A, Mari D, Ragni G, Persani L; Italian Network for the study of Ovarian Dysfunctions. Blood cell mitochondrial DNA content and premature ovarian aging. PLoS One. 2012;7(8):e42423. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0042423. Epub 2012 Aug 3. PMID: 22879975; PMCID: PMC3411770. Dumollard R, Carroll J, Duchen MR, Campbell K, Swann K. Mitochondrial function and redox state in mammalian embryos. Semin Cell Dev Biol. 2009 May;20(3):346-53. doi: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2008.12.013. PMID: 19530278. Van Blerkom J. Mitochondrial function in the human oocyte and embryo and their role in developmental competence. Mitochondrion. 2011 Sep;11(5):797-813. doi: 10.1016/j.mito.2010.09.012. Epub 2010 Oct 7. PMID: 20933103. Eichenlaub-Ritter U, Vogt E, Yin H, Gosden R. Spindles, mitochondria and redox potential in ageing oocytes. Reprod Biomed Online. 2004 Jan;8(1):45-58. doi: 10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60497-x. PMID: 14759287. Ge H, Tollner TL, Hu Z, Dai M, Li X, Guan H, Shan D, Zhang X, Lv J, Huang C, Dong Q. The importance of mitochondrial metabolic activity and mitochondrial DNA replication during oocyte maturation in vitro on oocyte quality and subsequent embryo developmental competence. Mol Reprod Dev. 2012 Jun;79(6):392-401. doi: 10.1002/mrd.22042. Epub 2012 Apr 16. PMID: 22467220. Xu Y, Nisenblat V, Lu C, Li R, Qiao J, Zhen X, Wang S. Pretreatment with coenzyme Q10 improves ovarian response and embryo quality in low-prognosis young women with decreased ovarian reserve: a randomized controlled trial. Reprod Biol Endocrinol. 2018 Mar 27;16(1):29. doi: 10.1186/s12958-018-0343-0. PMID: 29587861; PMCID: PMC5870379. Bentov Y, Hannam T, Jurisicova A, Esfandiari N, Casper RF. Coenzyme Q10 Supplementation and Oocyte Aneuploidy in Women Undergoing IVF-ICSI Treatment. Clin Med Insights Reprod Health. 2014 Jun 8;8:31-6. doi: 10.4137/CMRH.S14681. PMID: 24987272; PMCID: PMC4071761.
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Supporting Female patients: Enhancing Egg Quality Through Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Supplementation
For Healthcare Professionals Only Age is the strongest factor influencing egg quality, but it is not the only one. Nutrition, lifestyle, and targeted supplementation can all impact oocyte development and because eggs take around three months to mature before ovulation, this window offers an opportunity for meaningful intervention. Why Egg Quality Matters Egg quality is central to fertility, affecting fertilisation, embryo development, and the likelihood of a healthy pregnancy. With age, eggs naturally become more prone to oxidative damage and chromosomal errors. While age itself cannot be modified, optimising the environment in which eggs mature can make a difference to outcomes. Nutrition and Lifestyle Interventions Balanced diet with a focus on low GI foods Stabilising blood glucose and insulin is important, even outside of PCOS. A diet rich in wholegrains, vegetables, legumes, lean proteins, and healthy fats helps keep insulin levels steady and supports hormone balance. Antioxidant-rich foods Eggs are sensitive to oxidative stress, which can impair DNA and mitochondrial function. Encourage patients to eat a wide variety of colourful fruits and vegetables, along with nuts and seeds, to boost antioxidant intake. Exercise Regular physical activity helps improve insulin sensitivity and circulation, which may benefit ovarian health. A combination of aerobic and strength-based activity is recommended. Stress and sleep High stress levels and poor sleep can affect the hypothalamic–pituitary–ovarian axis, disrupting hormone regulation. Support patients to prioritise good sleep hygiene and consider stress-reduction techniques such as mindfulness or yoga. Lifestyle risks Smoking, excessive alcohol, and high caffeine intake can negatively impact egg quality. Reducing or eliminating these exposures can improve the overall reproductive environment. The Role of Supplementation Alongside diet and lifestyle, specific supplements may support egg quality and overall reproductive health: Folic acid – essential for DNA synthesis and universally recommended preconception. At Proceive we use the methylated form, L-methylfolate for increased absorption. Vitamin D – important for reproductive health and immune function; deficiencies are very common. Omega-3 fatty acids – help reduce inflammation and support cell membrane function. Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) – may support mitochondrial energy production, particularly relevant for egg development. Antioxidants (vitamins C & E, selenium, zinc) – help reduce oxidative stress, which is a key contributor to egg ageing. Practical Takeaway for HCPs Egg quality is strongly influenced by age, but it is also shaped by nutrition, lifestyle, and supplementation. With a 90-day maturation period before ovulation, women have a window to make meaningful changes that can positively influence reproductive outcomes. Guiding patients towards a balanced diet, regular activity, stress management, and appropriate supplementation can help create a healthier environment for egg development and improve their chances of conception.
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The Role of Selenium in Male Fertility: A HCP Perspective
For Healthcare Professionals Only Fertility discussions often begin with a focus on female reproductive health, yet it is now well established that male factors contribute to approximately 50% of all infertility cases. Male fertility is not a static metric; it can fluctuate based on a variety of biological and environmental influences. As healthcare professionals, it’s essential to recognise the dynamic nature of spermatogenesis and the critical role that nutrition, particularly selenium, can play in supporting sperm health. Sperm Health Is Not Fixed Sperm is produced in a continuous cycle, with a full spermatogenic cycle taking approximately 74 days. This means the sperm profile can vary significantly over time. While a semen analysis might show normal parameters at one point, a new cohort of sperm formed in the following months may present differently, especially if there are ongoing lifestyle or environmental challenges. Semen analysis typically assesses concentration, motility, morphology, and DNA integrity. Even when basic parameters appear within normal ranges, subclinical oxidative stress can still impair sperm function and compromise fertility outcomes. Moreover, studies have shown a correlation between abnormal semen parameters and an increased risk of miscarriage, highlighting the importance of sperm quality in early embryonic development and pregnancy viability [1]. The Impact of Stress and Lifestyle Psychological stress is another important variable. It is now understood that stress can negatively affect both male and female fertility, and its impact on male reproductive hormones and spermatogenesis is well documented [2]. Modifiable lifestyle factors including diet, smoking, alcohol intake, body weight, and exposure to environmental toxins are all critical considerations when supporting men trying to conceive. Nutrition and Sperm Health: The Role of Selenium Selenium is an essential trace mineral with powerful antioxidant properties, and it plays a particularly important role in male reproductive physiology. It is required for the formation and function of selenoproteins, many of which are involved in protecting sperm from oxidative damage during spermatogenesis. Key Mechanisms of Action Antioxidant protection: Sperm membranes are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, making them especially vulnerable to oxidative stress. Selenium is a cofactor for glutathione peroxidase, an enzyme that helps prevent lipid peroxidation in sperm cells. Spermatogenesis: Selenium supports the differentiation and maturation of spermatogonia into motile, morphologically normal sperm. Deficiency has been linked to reduced sperm count, poor motility, and impaired morphology [3]. Environmental protection: Selenium may also offer protection against reproductive toxicity induced by heavy metals such as cadmium and lead, which are known to disrupt testicular function. Dietary Sources and Supplementation Selenium is found in a range of foods including seafood, lean meats, grains, onions, garlic, and Brazil nuts. Brazil nuts are especially rich in selenium, with just 4–6 nuts daily providing well over the recommended daily intake. While food-first strategies are ideal, supplementation may be appropriate for men with documented deficiency or those undergoing fertility treatment. Combining selenium with other antioxidants, most notably vitamin E, has shown synergistic effects in improving sperm motility and reducing DNA fragmentation in several clinical studies. Clinical Recommendations Preconception timing: Encourage men to optimise their nutrition at least 3 months prior to conception attempts to support the full cycle of spermatogenesis. Dietary intake: Advise the inclusion of selenium-rich foods in the daily diet, particularly Brazil nuts (with attention to portion control to avoid excess intake). Supplementation: Consider supplementation in those with inadequate dietary intake, especially when semen parameters are suboptimal or oxidative stress is suspected. Lifestyle support: Address smoking cessation, stress management, and environmental toxin avoidance alongside nutritional interventions. Conclusion Sperm health is a dynamic and sensitive marker of male reproductive function. Optimising preconception nutrition, particularly through adequate selenium intake, is a simple but impactful strategy to support male fertility. For HCPs, integrating nutritional assessment and advice into fertility care can significantly enhance patient outcomes improving not only the chances of conception but also the health of the future child. References Aitken RJ, Smith TB, Jobling MS, Baker MA, De Iuliis GN. Oxidative stress and male reproductive health. Asian J Androl. 2014 Jan-Feb;16(1):31-8. doi: 10.4103/1008-682X.122203. PMID: 24369131; PMCID: PMC3901879. Janevic T, Kahn LG, Landsbergis P, Cirillo PM, Cohn BA, Liu X, Factor-Litvak P. Effects of work and life stress on semen quality. Fertil Steril. 2014 Aug;102(2):530-8. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2014.04.021. Epub 2014 May 23. PMID: 24856463; PMCID: PMC4382866. Hawkes WC, Turek PJ. Effects of dietary selenium on sperm motility in healthy men. J Androl. 2001 Sep-Oct;22(5):764-72. PMID: 11545288.
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Supporting Male Patients: Optimising Sperm Quality Through Nutrition, Lifestyle, and Supplementation
For Healthcare Professionals Only While fertility discussions often focus on women, male reproductive health is just as critical especially given that sperm take approximately 74 days to develop. This provides a three-month window for meaningful dietary and lifestyle intervention (Agarwal et al., 2014). 1. Adopt a Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Numerous studies have linked a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern with improved sperm quality. This diet is rich in vegetables, fruits, whole grains, legumes, fish, olive oil, and nuts, and has been shown to enhance sperm concentration, motility, morphology, and total count (Karayiannis et al., 2018; Salas-Huetos et al., 2018). A systematic review published in Human Reproduction Update confirmed that adherence to this dietary pattern correlates with better semen parameters, likely due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (Salas-Huetos et al., 2018). 2. Minimise Alcohol and Ultra-Processed Foods Excessive alcohol consumption has been associated with reduced testosterone levels and impaired spermatogenesis (Jensen et al., 2014). Additionally, diets high in ultra-processed foods such as refined snacks, sugary drinks, and processed meats are linked to inflammation and poorer semen quality (Chavarro et al., 2009; Nassan et al., 2018). Encouraging patients to reduce intake of these foods and prioritise whole, nutrient-dense options may yield measurable improvements in sperm parameters over time. 3. Reduce Oxidative Stress Through Antioxidant Support Oxidative stress is a leading cause of sperm dysfunction, contributing to DNA fragmentation, poor motility, and reduced fertilisation potential (Agarwal et al., 2014). Antioxidants such as vitamins C and E, selenium, zinc, CoQ10, and glutathione are known to mitigate oxidative damage to sperm. A meta-analysis of antioxidant supplementation in men with subfertility found significant improvements in sperm motility and DNA integrity (Showell et al., 2014). These nutrients can be obtained from both food and supplementation, depending on the patient's baseline diet and needs. 4. Address Weight, Stress, and Lifestyle Habits Obesity is associated with hormonal imbalances, increased scrotal temperature, and elevated oxidative stress, all of which negatively affect sperm quality (Palmer et al., 2012). Supporting patients in achieving a healthy weight through diet and exercise can improve reproductive outcomes. Stress may also play a role by disrupting the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis, leading to altered testosterone levels and reduced sperm production (Eskiocak et al., 2006). Incorporating sleep hygiene, physical activity, and stress management techniques may support overall hormonal health. Smoking cessation is another crucial intervention. Tobacco exposure is directly associated with reduced sperm count and increased DNA fragmentation (Sharma et al., 2016). 5. Consider Targeted Supplementation While diet forms the foundation of fertility health, supplementation may help optimise nutrient intake, particularly for nutrients shown to support sperm development and function. A well-formulated male fertility supplement should include key antioxidants (vitamins C and E, selenium), zinc, L-carnitine, CoQ10, and essential amino acids. Randomised controlled trials have shown that supplementation with these nutrients may improve sperm count, motility, morphology, and reduce DNA fragmentation (Gual-Frau et al., 2015; Buscemi et al., 2019). Conclusion With a three-month spermatogenesis cycle, men have a clear opportunity to positively influence their fertility outcomes. Healthcare professionals can support male patients by recommending evidence-based diet and lifestyle changes, addressing modifiable risk factors, and guiding supplement use where appropriate. Small, consistent changes can yield significant reproductive benefits and may also contribute to overall health and wellbeing. References Agarwal, A., Mulgund, A., Hamada, A., & Chyatte, M. R. (2015). A unique view on male infertility around the globe. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 13(1), 37. Buscemi, L., et al. (2019). Effect of antioxidant therapy on sperm quality: meta-analysis of clinical trials. Andrology, 7(4), 446–456. Chavarro, J. E., et al. (2009). Diet and lifestyle in the prevention of ovulatory disorder infertility. Obstetrics and Gynecology, 113(5), 1050–1056. Eskiocak, S., et al. (2006). Effect of psychological stress on the L-arginine-nitric oxide pathway and semen quality. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research, 39(5), 581–588. Gual-Frau, J., et al. (2015). Antioxidant treatment and assessment of sperm DNA fragmentation in infertile men. Journal of Assisted Reproduction and Genetics, 32(4), 465–472. Jensen, T. K., et al. (2014). Habitual alcohol consumption associated with reduced semen quality and changes in reproductive hormones. BMJ Open, 4(9), e005462. Karayiannis, D., et al. (2018). Adherence to the Mediterranean diet and IVF success rate among non-obese women. Human Reproduction, 33(3), 494–502. Nassan, F. L., et al. (2018). Dietary patterns and semen quality in young men. Human Reproduction, 33(1), 120–131. Palmer, N. O., et al. (2012). Diet and exercise in the management of obesity-related male infertility. Human Fertility, 15(4), 245–253. Salas-Huetos, A., Bulló, M., & Salas-Salvadó, J. (2018). Dietary patterns, foods and nutrients in male fertility parameters and fecundability: a systematic review of observational studies. Human Reproduction Update, 24(1), 100–123. Sharma, R., Biedenharn, K. R., Fedor, J. M., & Agarwal, A. (2016). Lifestyle factors and reproductive health: taking control of your fertility. Reproductive Biology and Endocrinology, 11(1), 66. Showell, M. G., Brown, J., Yazdani, A., Stankiewicz, M. T., & Hart, R. J. (2014). Antioxidants for male subfertility. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (12).
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The Oral Contraceptive Pill and Nutritional Status: Implications for Preconception Care
For Healthcare Professionals Only As healthcare professionals, you will often work with patients preparing to conceive after coming off the oral contraceptive pill (OCP). While fertility concerns are frequently raised, a less recognised but clinically important issue is the impact of long-term OCP use on nutritional status and the implications this has for reproductive health and pregnancy outcomes. Micronutrient Depletion Associated with OCP Use Evidence indicates that oral contraceptive use is associated with reduced levels of several essential micronutrients, including folate, vitamins B6 and B12, vitamin C, magnesium, and zinc (Beal et al., 2023; Whelan et al., 2009). These nutrients are essential for ovulatory function, hormone synthesis, egg quality and foetal development. For example, folate is critical for neural tube development while zinc plays a key role in DNA synthesis and cell division. Given the metabolic demands of conception and early pregnancy, patients coming off the pill may not be starting from a position of optimal nutritional status particularly if their diet has been suboptimal. Supporting nutrient repletion in the preconception phase is therefore a key part of holistic care. Repletion Through Diet and Supplementation While a nutrient-rich, whole-food diet remains foundational, supplementation can play an important role especially if conception is desired in the near term. A comprehensive preconception multivitamin such as Proceive® Women can help restore nutritional adequacy. The product contains the recommended 400 mcg of folic acid (as folate or methylfolate) along with other nutrients commonly depleted by the pill. Unmasking Underlying Reproductive Health Issues It’s important to distinguish nutrient-related concerns from cases where the OCP has been masking an underlying condition such as PCOS, hypothalamic amenorrhea, or endometriosis. These conditions can go undetected while the pill is in use and often only emerge after discontinuation. This may lead to delayed diagnosis and a misperception that the pill itself caused fertility difficulties (Tata et al., 2005). Where post-pill amenorrhea, irregular cycles, or pelvic symptoms are present, early assessment and management is essential. Support for Hormone Clearance Post-OCP After stopping the pill, the body’s detoxification pathways particularly liver and gut function are responsible for metabolising and eliminating residual hormones. Fibre, especially from cruciferous vegetables like broccoli, kale, and cauliflower, supports oestrogen metabolism and clearance through the bowel (Fuhrman & Ferreri, 2010; NIH ODS, 2023). Healthy bowel motility is also crucial; hormones such as oestrogen are excreted in the stool, and sluggish transit can contribute to hormonal imbalance. Preconception Care Recommendations For patients who have recently stopped the OCP and are planning to conceive, consider recommending: A Mediterranean-style diet high in fibre, healthy fats, and antioxidants (Stephenson et al., 2018) Omega-3 supplementation if oily fish is not consumed regularly (Proceive® Pre-conception Omega-3) A high-quality preconception multivitamin for both partners (Proceive® Women/Men) Regular physical activity and stress reduction strategies Monitoring and managing bowel health to support hormone clearance Early assessment of menstrual irregularities or subfertility concerns These simple, evidence-informed strategies can help optimise a patient’s reproductive health and improve pregnancy outcomes. References Beal JL, et al. (2023). The Impact of Oral Contraceptive Use on Nutrient Status: A Review. Nutrients, 15(4), 879. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu15040879 Whelan AM, et al. (2009). Oral contraceptives and vitamin metabolism. Can Pharm J, 142(4), 200–204. https://doi.org/10.3821/1913-701X-142.4.200 Tata LJ, et al. (2005). Fertility and pregnancy-related outcomes in women with a history of infertility: A population-based study. Hum Reprod, 20(12), 3379–3386. https://doi.org/10.1093/humrep/dei272 Fuhrman J, & Ferreri DM. (2010). Fueling the dietary detoxification pathways. Altern Ther Health Med, 16(2), 44–52. National Institutes of Health (NIH) Office of Dietary Supplements. (2023). Fibre Fact Sheet for Health Professionals. https://ods.od.nih.gov/factsheets/Fiber-HealthProfessional/ Stephenson J, et al. (2018). Before the beginning: nutrition and lifestyle in the preconception period and its importance for future health. Lancet, 391(10132), 1830–1841. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30311-8
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What is Bioavailability? Understanding Bioavailability in Nutritional Supplements
For Healthcare Professionals Only When it comes to nutritional supplements, what the body absorbs is just as important as what’s on the label. That’s where bioavailability comes in. Bioavailability refers to the amount of a nutrient that is absorbed from the gut (specifically the small intestine), enters the bloodstream, and reaches the cells where it’s needed or is stored for later use. It plays a critical role in determining how effective a supplement really is. A supplement’s benefits don’t just depend on what nutrients it contains—but on how well those nutrients are absorbed and utilised by the body. Why Bioavailability Matters For patients trying to conceive or going through pregnancy, bioavailability can directly impact outcomes. A formulation that delivers nutrients in an easily absorbed form can make the difference between meaningful support and a missed opportunity. It’s an essential consideration when evaluating the therapeutic value of any supplement. The Bioavailability Process Bioavailability involves several key stages: Digestion Absorption Distribution Metabolism Elimination Each stage is influenced by a number of internal and external factors. Let’s explore the main ones that impact how well nutrients are absorbed. Key Factors That Influence Bioavailability 1. Nutrient FormSome forms of nutrients are more easily absorbed than others. For example: Chromium picolinate is more bioavailable than chromium chloride Methylcobalamin (active B12) is better absorbed and tolerated than cyanocobalamin Methylfolate bypasses the conversion process that folic acid requires 2. Supplement FormatThe physical format (whether capsule, sachet, tablet or liquid) can affect how quickly and efficiently the nutrients are released. Proceive® products are available as capsules and sachets, both chosen to support effective nutrient delivery and ease of use. 3. Nutrient InteractionsNutrients don’t work in isolation. Some help with absorption, while others can hinder it. Enhancers: Vitamin C improves non-heme (plant-based) iron absorption Vitamin D supports the absorption of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus A small amount of dietary fat helps absorb fat-soluble nutrients like carotenoids Inhibitors: High zinc intake can reduce the absorption of iron and copper Tannins (found in tea, coffee, red wine) block iron absorption Phytates (found in grains, legumes, nuts) and oxalates (found in spinach, berries, coffee) can reduce mineral absorption When formulating supplements, these interactions matter enhancers and inhibitors can cancel each other out, reducing effectiveness. Proceive® is designed with these interactions in mind. Nutrients are carefully balanced to maximise absorption and minimise interference. 4. Individual VariabilityNutrient absorption is highly individual and influenced by: Age and sex Genetic profile (e.g. MTHFR variants - read more on this here) Gut health and microbiome Pre-existing nutrient levels Chronic illness or inflammation Medication use (e.g. the contraceptive pill may reduce absorption of some nutrients) The Proceive® Approach At Proceive®, bioavailability is at the heart of our formulations. We use high-quality, well-researched nutrient forms that are recognised for their absorbability. No unnecessary fillers or binders, just carefully selected ingredients designed to support your patient’s fertility and pregnancy journey. Proceive® products are delivered in capsules and sachets for ease of use and effective uptake, and every formula is built around what the body can actually absorb and utilise. Clinical Considerations When recommending supplements, it’s worth looking beyond the headline nutrient list. Consider: What form the nutrients are in Whether they interact positively or negatively with one another How well the supplement is likely to be absorbed based on the individual’s health status In fertility and preconception care, timing is critical and so is the form of nutrition. A product designed with bioavailability in mind is more likely to deliver meaningful results. Key Takeaways We are not just what we eat; we are what we absorb and utilise A supplement is only effective if the nutrients reach the body’s cells Proceive® goes further: more nutrients, in forms the body can actually absorb (such as Methylfolate) During conception and pregnancy, the body needs more than just the minimum, we provide optimal levels in bioavailable forms. References H.C. Schönfeldt, B. Pretorius, N. Hall, Bioavailability of Nutrients, Editor(s): Benjamin Caballero, Paul M. Finglas, Fidel Toldrá, Encyclopedia of Food and Health, Academic Press, 2016, Pages 401-406, ISBN 9780123849533. Gibson, R. S. (2007). The Role of Diet- and Host-Related Factors in Nutrient Bioavailability and Thus in Nutrient-Based Dietary Requirement Estimates. Food and Nutrition Bulletin, 28(1_suppl1), S77–S100. Melse-Boonstra A. (2020). Bioavailability of Micronutrients From Nutrient-Dense Whole Foods: Zooming in on Dairy, Vegetables, and Fruits. Frontiers in nutrition, 7, 101.
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Folic Acid vs. Folate: What’s the Difference and Why It Matters for Your Patients
What’s the Difference and Why It Matters for Your Patients.
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